Fitfh lesson: VERB TO BE

The verb to be (ser in spanish) is one of the irregular verbs, and for this reason is more difficult than others. i'll teach you the present simple (in spanish presente), and the past simple(in spanish pretérito imperfecto).

Present simple SER (irregular):
Yo soy
Tú eres
Él/Ella es
Nosotros somos
Vosotros soís
Ellos/as son

As you can see, the 1st sg, 1st and 2nd and 3rd plural have the same morpheme as the infinitive. The most common thing but is using the other morpheme, as you'll see in the past simple.

Past simple SER: 
Yo era
Tú eras
Él/Ellas era
Nosotros éramos
Vosotros erais
Ellos/as eran 

The verb to be in english has more meanings than in spanish. In spanish there are two verbs to say that: the verb ser and the verb estar. Estar is more for a state, and ser for a feature. 
For example: Estoy triste (I'm sad)
          can't say Soy triste unless you are sad always. 
 This example is very clear, but in spanish there are a lot of situations in those you can change both. If you follow this rule, you will guess the 90%.   

Here I'll leave you the estar verb, which is regular but has got changes as you'll see. 

Present simple ESTAR (regular):
Yo estoy
Tú estás
Él/Ella está
Nosotros estamos
Vosotros estáis
Ellos/as estan

Past simple ESTAR: 
Yo estaba
Tú estabas
Él estaba
Nosotros estábamos
Vosotros estabais
Ellos estaban

You should do some exercises to practise this and memorise it, because it's very important to know this two verbs. 

So, if any questions, problems, let me know with a comment, and if you like it subscribe!

Fourth lesson: VOCABULARY I "COLOURS"

The vocabulary, in each language is different and extensive, but we are going to start for an easy thing: the colours.

verdeà green
violetaà purple
marrónà brown
naranjaà orange
blanco àwhite
rojoà red
beigeà beige
rosaà pink
azulà blue
negroà black
amarilloà yellow

As you can see, there are some similarities between words. Rosa is the name of roses also, and naranja are the oranges. 

The name of the colours change if you put it on a sentence. If the colours is an adjective that complements a femenin noun, it should be ended with a. If the colous is an adjective that complements a plural noun, it should be ended with s. 
For example: La chaqueta es roja. Las chaquetas son rojas. Los pantalones son rojos. 
                        The jaquet is red.          Jaquets are red.    Trousers are red. 

If you have any problems, any questions, let me know leaving a comment, and if you like it, subscribe!

Third lesson: PRESENT SIMPLE I

There are three conjugations, that depend on the final of the infinitive: 1st (ar), 2nd (er), 3rd (ir).

In the first group, there are verbs like amar (love), cantar (sing), jugar (play), saltar (jump). These verbs are conjugated the same way. The present simple of the 1st conjugation is the following: 

Yo amo
Tú amas
Él/Ella ama
Nosotros amamos
Vosotros amáis
Ellos/as aman

In the second group, there are verbs like comer (eat), deber (ought), leer (read). These verbs are conjugated the same way. The present simple of the 2nd conjugation is the following:

Yo como
Tú comes
Él/Ella come
Nosotros comemos
Vosotros coméis
Ellos/as comen

As you can see, the only change is the thematic vocal, in the 1st conjugation (ar) is "a" and in the second (er) is "e". 

In the third group, there are verbs like vivir (live), prohibir (ban), reunir (gather). These verbs are conjugated the same way. The present simple of the 3rd conjugation is the following: 

Yo vivo
Tú vives
Él/Ella vive
Nosotros vivimos
Vosotros vivís
Ellos/as viven

The thematic vocal on this conjugation changes between "e" (2nd and 3rd of the singular and 3rd of the plural) and "i" (1st and 2nd of the plural).

The verbs in spanish are more difficult than in english, because there are a lot of irregular verbs that doesn't follow the rules (tener, ser,) and other verbs that have changes on its morpheme, like querer (yo quiero). We are going to see this other day, because it's too complicated.  

Each person has got a different form, which has got advantatges, like agility in the sentences that adds the omission of the subject, and disadvantages.  


If any question, problems, leave a comment and subscribe if you like it!

Second lesson: PERSONAL PRONOUNS

The second thing that we are going to learn is the personal pronouns in spanish.

I                  Yo
You             Tú
He/She        Él/Ella
We              Nosotros (for men)/ Nosotras (for women)
You             Vosotros (for men)/ Vosotras (for women)
They           Ellos (for men)/ Ellas (for women)


One of the differences between Spanish and English is, as you have seen, that most of forms change depending of the gender of the subject in the case of the personal pronouns. It also happens with the nouns, they have gender as German, but German has masculine, femenine and neutral, and spanish hasn't got neutral. The femenine words usually end on "a" and masculine words on "o".

For example: niño (boy), niña (girl)


Another difference is that verbs change their forms depending on the subject (1st, 2nd, 3rd person and number), what allows the omission of the pronoun or the subject.

For example: Ella es María, es alta.    pr + v + noun + , + v + adj
                    She is Maria, she is tall. pr + v + noun + , + pr + v + adj


I hope that it will be all clear, if don't, leave me a comment and share if you like it!